Source register
The sources behind every public claim.
Sources are grouped by type and labeled with confidence. Official existence, announced funding, and operating capacity are treated as separate evidence states.
01 Official
Official
Government, regulator, and intergovernmental publications. High trust for facts the issuer directly publishes.
- Mineral Commodity Summaries: Rare EarthsU.S. Geological SurveyhighofficialAccessed 2026-05-11GeographyglobalusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesNotes
Authoritative annual reference for global REE production and U.S. import reliance. Cite the most recent MCS edition for the year being quoted.
- DLA Strategic Materials ProgramU.S. Defense Logistics AgencyhighofficialAccessed 2026-05-11GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysNotes
Manages the National Defense Stockpile. Transaction-level acquisitions require DLA press releases or congressional reporting for specifics.
- Fact Sheet: U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals ReserveExport-Import Bank of the United StateshighofficialAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Official EXIM fact sheet for Project Vault and the U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve. Use for announced financing and reserve structure; it does not disclose inventory, locations, drawdown rules, or downstream operating capacity.
- DOE Critical Materials Strategy and ProgramsU.S. Department of EnergyhighofficialAccessed 2026-05-11GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysPowder ProductionSintered NdFeB MagnetsRecyclingNotes
Umbrella reference for DOE critical-materials work, including LPO loans, MESC, and the Critical Materials Innovation Hub at Ames National Laboratory.
- Just Launched: A Critical Materials Career MapU.S. Department of EnergyhighofficialPublished 2025-12-17Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
DOE announcement of the Critical Materials Career Map developed by AMMTO with the National Laboratory of the Rockies and Julius Education.
- Critical Materials Career MapU.S. Department of Energy / AMMTOmediumofficialAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Live public workforce tool linked from DOE's Critical Minerals and Materials Program resources. Treat as operating evidence for the tool, not as evidence of training throughput.
- Critical Minerals & Materials Workforce DevelopmentNational Energy Technology LaboratoryhighofficialAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningBeneficiationSeparation into OxidesNotes
NETL overview of workforce needs and workforce-development efforts tied to critical minerals and materials, including academic research and CORE-CM activity.
- Minerals Security PartnershipU.S. Department of StatehighofficialAccessed 2026-05-11GeographyusalliesMineralsrare-earthsNotes
Multilateral diplomatic vehicle that hosts critical-minerals ministerial-level meetings among partner economies.
- Pax Silica InitiativeU.S. Department of StatehighofficialPublished 2025-12-11Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusalliesMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Official State Department announcement framing Pax Silica as a U.S.-led initiative for secure technology supply chains, including critical minerals and energy inputs.
- Department of State Launches Pax Silica FundU.S. Department of StatehighofficialPublished 2026-03-26Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusalliesMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Official State Department release announcing intended foreign-assistance funding for the Pax Silica Fund, subject to working with Congress. Use carefully: intent to allocate funding is not the same as project deployment.
- 2026 Critical Minerals MinisterialU.S. Department of StatehighofficialPublished 2026-02-04Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusalliesglobalMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Official State Department fact sheet for the 2026 Critical Minerals Ministerial, including FORGE launch context and diplomatic participation. It does not by itself evidence operating capacity.
- Announcement on Export Controls of Certain Medium and Heavy Rare-Earth ItemsMinistry of Commerce of the People's Republic of ChinamediumofficialPublished 2025-04-04Accessed 2026-05-11GeographychinaglobalMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Primary Chinese-government announcement of expanded export-licensing requirements on medium and heavy rare earths in April 2025. Confirm bulletin URL against the official Chinese-language gazette and cross-check element coverage with English-language wire reporting before quoting specifics.
- EA-2255: Final Environmental Assessment and FONSI - e-VAC Magnetics Project Eagle Magnet Manufacturing PlantU.S. Department of EnergyhighofficialAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
DOE environmental compliance page for the proposed federal financing review. It supports project location and scope, not a loan decision or commercial output.
- MOFCOM Regular Press Conference: Gallium and Germanium Export ControlsMinistry of Commerce of the People's Republic of ChinahighofficialPublished 2023-07-06Accessed 2026-05-13GeographychinaglobalMineralsgalliumgermaniumNotes
English-language MOFCOM press conference confirming China announced export controls on gallium- and germanium-related items, implemented from August 1, 2023.
- China Announces Export Controls on Items Related to Tungsten, Tellurium, Bismuth, Molybdenum, IndiumState Council Information Office of the People's Republic of ChinahighofficialPublished 2025-02-05Accessed 2026-05-13GeographychinaglobalMineralstelluriumindiumNotes
Chinese government English-language source reporting export controls on tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, and indium-related items.
- Revolutionizing the Touch ScreenU.S. Department of Energy Office of SciencemediumofficialPublished 2013Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsindiumNotes
DOE Office of Science article describing indium tin oxide as a transparent conducting compound used in touch screens and flat-panel displays.
02 Institutional data
Institutional data
Recurring datasets from established institutions. High trust for aggregated data; cite the most recent edition.
- Rare Earth ElementsInternational Energy Agencyhighinstitutional dataPublished 2026Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyglobalchinaMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningSeparation into OxidesSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
IEA 2026 report on rare-earth-element supply chains. Use for 2024 magnet-rare-earth mining, refining, and sintered permanent magnet concentration metrics.
- Building Capacity for the U.S. Mineral Resources Workforce: Proceedings of a WorkshopNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicinehighinstitutional dataPublished 2024Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesMiningBeneficiationNotes
National Academies workshop proceedings on U.S. mineral resources workforce capacity. Use for mining-engineering enrollment trend context.
- Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026U.S. Geological Surveyhighinstitutional dataPublished 2026Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusglobalMineralsgalliumgermaniumindiumtelluriumrare-earthsNotes
USGS annual reference for mineral supply, demand, import reliance, and commodity-specific data sheets. Use for exposure context, not for device-level bill-of-materials shares.
- Gallium Statistics and InformationU.S. Geological Surveyhighinstitutional dataAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusglobalMineralsgalliumNotes
USGS commodity page describing U.S. gallium consumption in GaAs, GaN, and GaP wafers, integrated circuits, and optoelectronic devices.
- Mineral Commodity Profiles: GermaniumU.S. Geological Surveymediuminstitutional dataPublished 2004Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusglobalMineralsgermaniumNotes
Older USGS profile, still useful for core germanium end-use categories including fiber optics, infrared night-vision devices, and semiconductor substrates.
- Selenium and Tellurium Statistics and InformationU.S. Geological Surveyhighinstitutional dataAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusglobalMineralstelluriumNotes
USGS commodity page for selenium and tellurium, including annual tellurium data sheets and byproduct-supply context.
03 Think tank
Think tank
Policy research with editorial standards. Strong for framing; treat specific quantitative claims as secondary.
- CSIS Critical Minerals coverageCenter for Strategic and International Studiesmediumthink tankAccessed 2026-05-11GeographyusglobalMineralsrare-earthsNotes
Think-tank program publishing recurring analysis of REE supply chains, allied coordination, and Chinese policy. Treat specific interpretations as secondary.
04 Company
Company
Company filings and statements. High trust for self-disclosed historical facts; forward-looking claims are positions.
- Mountain Pass Mine and Processing FacilityMP MaterialshighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningBeneficiationSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company operations page for Mountain Pass. Use for current mine, beneficiation, and separated-product framing; treat production-share claims as company-disclosed unless separately cross-checked.
- IndependenceMP MaterialshighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMetals and AlloysPowder ProductionSintered NdFeB MagnetsRecyclingNotes
Company facility page for MP's Fort Worth magnetics site. Strong for facility scope; capacity and customer commitments require specific releases.
- MP Materials Selects Northlake, Texas, as the Site of 10X, a New U.S. Rare Earth Magnet Manufacturing CampusMP MaterialshighcompanyPublished 2026-02-26Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMetals and AlloysPowder ProductionSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Company release for the planned Northlake 10X campus, including expected contribution to roughly 10,000 metric tons per year of total MP U.S. NdFeB magnet capacity once operational.
- About UsLynas Rare EarthshighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyaustraliamalaysiaMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningBeneficiationSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company overview of Mt Weld, the Mt Weld concentration plant, and Lynas Malaysia. Use for operating footprint, not as an independent capacity audit.
- Kalgoorlie, Western AustraliaLynas Rare EarthshighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyaustraliaMineralsrare-earthsStagesCracking and LeachingNotes
Company page describing Kalgoorlie cracking and leaching of Mt Weld concentrate into mixed rare earth carbonate for further processing.
- Update on the U.S. Rare Earths Processing FacilityLynas Rare EarthsmediumcompanyPublished 2023-07-31Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company update on the planned Seadrift, Texas site. Treat as project-development evidence, not as evidence of operating U.S. separation capacity.
- EneabbaIluka ResourceshighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyaustraliaMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesBeneficiationSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company project page for the Eneabba stockpile, concentrator, and planned rare earths refinery. Use for current development status and strategic-partnership framing.
- Eneabba Rare Earths Refinery Final Investment DecisionIluka ResourceshighcompanyPublished 2022-04-04Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyaustraliaMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company ASX release for refinery FID. Use for the source-backed 17.5 thousand tonnes per annum TREO capacity figure, noting later schedule and funding updates should be checked for current timing.
- Our OperationSerra Verde GrouphighcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographybrazilMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningBeneficiationNotes
Company operations page for the Pela Ema deposit in Goiás, Brazil. Strong for commercial-production status and magnetic rare-earth scope; capacity should be tied to specific company releases.
- Serra Verde Enters Commercial ProductionSerra Verde GrouphighcompanyPublished 2024-01-11Accessed 2026-05-13GeographybrazilMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningBeneficiationNotes
Company release announcing commercial production of mixed rare earth concentrate from Phase I of Pela Ema.
- Neo Performance Materials Opens State-of-the-Art Permanent Magnet Facility in EuropeNeo Performance MaterialshighcompanyPublished 2025-09-22Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyestoniaeuropeMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Company release announcing the opening of Neo's Narva permanent magnet facility. Use for facility status and customer-supply context.
- Neo Successfully Commissions Heavy Rare Earth Separation Production Line in EuropeNeo Performance MaterialshighcompanyPublished 2026-04-10Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyestoniaeuropeMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company release for the Silmet heavy rare-earth separation line. Treat as commissioning evidence; routine production stability remains the next evidence point.
- mediumcompanyPublished 2023-06Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsRecyclingNotes
Company article announcing the San Marcos facility opening. It supports facility existence and broad operating claim; public capacity details are limited.
- DFARSNoveon MagneticsmediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsRecyclingNotes
Company page describing Noveon's San Marcos headquarters and magnet-to-magnet process. Use as company-disclosed operating context, not as independent production verification.
- eVAC MagneticsVAC GroupmediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Company page for the Sumter, South Carolina NdFeB magnet facility. It says the facility opened in fall 2025 and is scaling to full capacity by early 2026; treat as company-disclosed status.
- highcompanyPublished 2026-03-26Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Company release announcing commissioning of Stillwater Phase 1a and expected ramp to 600 mtpa by late 2026, with 1,200 mtpa active capacity anticipated in early 2027.
- OperationsUSA Rare EarthmediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesMiningBeneficiationMetals and AlloysSintered NdFeB MagnetsNotes
Company operations page for Stillwater and Round Top. Treat full-capacity statements as forward-looking unless tied to commissioning evidence.
- highcompanyPublished 2025-03-17Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyfranceeuropeMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSeparation into OxidesRecyclingNotes
Company release for the Lacq Caremag project, including financing, expected late-2026 operations, and source-backed annual processing/output figures.
- Our PlantCarestermediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyfranceeuropeMineralsrare-earthsndfebStagesSeparation into OxidesRecyclingNotes
Company plant page describing the Lacq facility's permanent-magnet recycling and mineral-concentrate feed routes.
- Strategic Metals ComplexUcore Rare MetalsmediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company page for Ucore's planned Alexandria, Louisiana rare-earth separation and oxide-production facility. Use for site and technology framing.
- Ucore Completes Local Louisiana Tax Exemption Approval Process for 7,500-tonne Rare Earth Separation PlantUcore Rare MetalsmediumcompanyPublished 2023-09-21Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyusMineralsrare-earthsStagesSeparation into OxidesNotes
Company release for local tax-exemption approval and the 7,500-tonne planned Louisiana SMC capacity. Treat as development-stage and forward-looking until operating evidence is public.
- mediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyglobalMineralsrare-earthsNotes
Industry white paper describing rare-earth-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers. Use for technical exposure framing, not market share.
- mediumcompanyAccessed 2026-05-13GeographyglobalMineralstelluriumNotes
Company materials page for TeO2 crystals used in acousto-optic devices. Use for application exposure only.
05 Academic
Academic
Peer-reviewed research and university working papers. High trust for methods; expect publication lag.
- Rare-Earth-Doped Glasses/Ceramics: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Their Optical ApplicationsMaterialsmediumacademicPublished 2022Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyglobalMineralsrare-earthsNotes
Academic review source for optical applications of rare-earth-doped glasses and ceramics.
- Lithium Niobate Crystal Preparation, Properties, and Its Application in Electro-Optical DevicesInorganicsmediumacademicPublished 2025Accessed 2026-05-13GeographyglobalMineralsniobiumlithiumNotes
Academic review of lithium-niobate crystal properties and electro-optical device applications. Use as material-function evidence, not supply-chain concentration evidence.